Many male birds are known for their showy displays while trying to attract mates, and a new study indicates they may have another trick up their fabulous sleeves: Biofluorescence. 

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Researchers at the American Museum of Natural History have been investigating animals with biofluorescence, which involves absorbing light and emitting it in a different color. Using photography with ultraviolet and blue lights, along with emission filters, the team has identified hundreds of species that have this characteristic but had not been known to do so before. That includes sharks and turtles. 

New research, published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, set out to see if the 45 birds-of-paradise species are biofluorescent. These species live in Australia, New Guinea, and Indonesia and are known for their males’ elaborate displays and vibrant plumage.

The team found that 37 of the species were biofluorescent, with UV and blue light. The wavelengths were green and green-yellow and were found on different body parts, depending on the species. For males, it occurred during mating rituals either on the inner mouth and bill, feet, or feathers in varying locations across the body. For females, it was usually just feathers on the chest or stomach.

As past research suggests the birds can see the biofluorescent wavelengths, the team says the findings indicate males use biofluorescence to pop even more during hierarchal and mating displays.

Rene Martin, the lead author who conducted the study while doing postdoctoral research at the museum, says, “The unique mating rituals and displays of birds-of-paradise have fascinated scientists and spurred a myriad of studies focused on trait evolution and sexual selection. It seems fitting that these flashy birds are likely signaling to each other in additional, flashy ways.” 

You can read the full study here.