Jelly, matte, chrome, creme, glitter—today’s nail polish options are as diverse as the personalities who wear them. With so many finishes and colors to choose from, it’s easy to get swept up in aesthetics. But before reaching for that perfect periwinkle or shimmering silver, it’s worth taking a closer look at what’s inside the bottle. Recent studies have raised concerns about the presence of potentially harmful chemicals in many popular nail polish brands. If you’re someone who regularly paints your nails, understanding the health implications behind these products is more important than ever.

One of the most pressing concerns is the presence of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), a chemical used to improve the durability and chip resistance of nail polish. According to a 2015 study conducted by Duke University in collaboration with the Environmental Working Group, TPHP was detected in the bodies of participants just 10 to 14 hours after applying nail polish. The study analyzed products from well-known brands such as OPI, Sally Hansen, and Wet N Wild, revealing that TPHP was commonly found in their formulas.

TPHP is not exclusive to the cosmetics industry. It is also used as a flame retardant and in the production of certain plastics. While that alone may raise eyebrows, what’s more concerning is the mounting evidence that TPHP acts as an endocrine disruptor. Animal studies have shown that exposure to this chemical can interfere with hormone regulation, leading to reproductive issues and impaired cell development. Dr. Heather Stapleton, a researcher at Duke University, noted that the scientific community is increasingly recognizing the risks TPHP poses to both human and animal health.

Unfortunately, TPHP is just one of several chemicals of concern. Other commonly found ingredients in nail polish include formaldehyde, toluene, and dibutyl phthalate. Each of these has been linked to potential health risks. Formaldehyde has been associated with certain types of cancer, toluene can cause headaches and irritation to the eyes and throat, and dibutyl phthalate may negatively affect reproductive organs.

Reading ingredient labels can offer some protection. For example, a popular shade from Essie called “Bikini So Teeny” contains both triphenyl phosphate and tosylamide/formaldehyde resin. These ingredients are listed among a long lineup of chemicals that might sound unfamiliar to the average consumer. While not every ingredient is inherently dangerous, the presence of known endocrine disruptors and possible carcinogens is reason enough to be cautious.

It’s important to note that ingredient lists are usually available on the product packaging or on the brand’s website. Taking a few moments to review them before buying can make a meaningful difference. I found this detail striking: even trusted, mainstream brands may contain substances that raise health concerns. This underscores the need for transparency and informed decision-making when it comes to personal care products.

For those looking to avoid these chemicals altogether, there are alternatives. A growing number of nail polish brands are formulating products without the most concerning substances. Brands such as Zoya, Dior, Côte, and Deborah Lippmann have gained popularity for offering polishes that are free from TPHP, formaldehyde, and other potentially harmful ingredients. While these options often come at a higher price point—sometimes two to ten times more than conventional brands—they offer peace of mind for health-conscious consumers.

Another tip for safer nail care is to bring your own polish when visiting a salon. This allows you to choose a formula you trust and avoid being rushed into selecting from the salon’s collection, which may include products with questionable ingredients. Additionally, purchasing nail polish from reputable retailers is key. Be cautious when shopping on platforms like Amazon or eBay, where counterfeit or expired products may be sold. Older nail polishes can degrade and become just as hazardous as those originally containing harmful chemicals.

With the rise of clean beauty and growing awareness around product safety, consumers now have more tools than ever to make informed choices. While the allure of a trendy shade or long-lasting finish is understandable, it’s also worth considering what you’re putting on your body. Taking the time to read labels, research brands, and choose safer alternatives can help minimize exposure to substances that may pose health risks over time.

Ultimately, being informed is the first step toward healthier beauty habits. Whether you’re a nail art enthusiast or someone who enjoys a simple coat of color now and then, knowing what’s in your nail polish can help you make choices that align with your values and well-being.

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